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Faust VrančićFausto VeranzioBorn Šibenik, Republic of Venice (today in Croatia)
Nationality Croatian[1] Field Polymath and bishop Works Machinae Novae, Dictionarium quinque nobilissimarum Europæ linguarum
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Fausto Veranzio[2] or Faust Vrančić[3] (Latin: Faustus Verantius; Hungarian and Vernacular Latin: Verancsics Faustus)[4][5] (circa 1551 – January 17, 1617) was a polymath and bishop from Croatia.[6]
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The Veranzio family probably came from Bosnia to the town of Šibenik[7] (Dalmatia), where a member of the family was mentioned for the first time in 1360.[10]
While the family's main residence was in city of Šibenik, they owned a big summer house on island Prvić, in place Šepurine, a neighboring place to Prvić Luka (where he is buried in local church). The baroque castle that was used by Vrančić family as summer residence is now in possession of family Draganić.
As a youth, Veranzio was interested in science. Still a child, he moved to Venice, where he attended schools, and then to Padua to join the University, where he focused on law, physics, engineering and mechanics.
At the court of King Rudolf II, in Hradcany Castle, in Prague, Veranzio was chancellor for Hungary and Transylvania often in contact with Johannes Kepler and Tycho Brahe.
After his wife's death,[11] Veranzio left for Hungary. In 1598, he got the title of Episcŏpus Csanadiensis[12] in partibus (even if he never set foot in Csanád). In 1609, back in Venice, he joined the brotherhood of Saint Paul of Tarsus (barnabites) and committed himself to the study of science. Veranzio died in 1617 in Venice and was buried in Croatia, near his family's countryhouse on the island of Prvić in the Adriatic Sea.
Veranzio's parachute in Šibenik's Wells Museum - Wells museum in Šibenik, Faust Vrančić
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Veranzio was the author of a five-language dictionary,[21] Dictionarium quinque nobilissimarum Europæ linguarum, Latinæ, Italicæ, Germanicæ, Dalmatiæ, & Vngaricæ,[22] published in Venice in 1595, with 5,000 entries for each language: Latin, Italian, German, the Dalmatian language (in particular, the Chakavian dialect of Croatian) and Hungarian. These he called the "five noblest European languages" ("quinque nobilissimarum Europæ linguarum").[23] The Dictionarium is a very early and significant example of both Croatian and Hungarian lexicography, and contains, in addition to the parallel list of vocabulary, other documentation of these two languages. In particular, Veranzio listed in the Dictionarium 304 Hungarian words that he deemed to be borrowed from Croatian. Also, at the end of the book, Veranzio included Croatian language versions of the Ten Commandments, the Lord's Prayer, the Ave Maria and the Apostles' Creed.[24] |
In an extension of the dictionary called Vocabula dalmatica quae Ungri sibi usurparunt, there is a list of Proto-Croatian words that entered the Hungarian language. The book greatly influenced the formation of both the Croatian and Hungarian orthography; the Hungarian language accepted his suggestions, for example, the usage of ly, ny, sz, and cz. It was also the first dictionary of the Hungarian language, printed four times, in Venice, Prague (1606), Pozun (1834) [25], and in Zagreb, Yugoslavia, in 1971. The work was an important source of inspiration for other European dictionaries such as an Hungarian and Italian dictionary written by Bernardino Balli, a German Thesaurus polyglottus by humanist and lexicographer Hieronim Megister, and multilingual Dictionarium septem diversarum linguarum by Peterus Lodereckerus of Prague in 1605.[23]
When Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889–1951), Austrian-British philosopher and mathematician, moving from Berlin to England, began studying mechanical engineering in 1908, he was highly influenced by his reading of Renaissance technical treatises, particularly Veranzio's Machinae Novae.[27] The 17th century Brooklyn Tidal Mill in Long Island (NY), one of the most popular and few still standing mills in the New York City area,[28] was built after the plan of Fausto Veranzio.[28][29][30] Today, one of the oldest astronomical societies in Croatia bears the name "Faust Vrančić", as does a Croatian Navy rescue ship, as well as many schools in Croatia. |
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1. ^ a b Library and Waleson, John Crerar and Anthea (1984). Nature disclosed: books from the collections of the John Crerar Library illustrating the history of science. University of Chicago Library. p. 17. ISBN 0943056039, 9780943056036.
2. ^ Alfred Day Rathbone, He's in the paratroops now, R.M. McBride & Company, 1943, University of California. page 172
3. ^ Originally pronounced "vranchich"
4. ^ Andrew L. Simon, Made in Hungary: Hungarian contributions to universal culture
5. ^ The Hungarian Quarterly, Vol. XLII * No. 162 *, Summer 2001 László Sipka: Innovators and Innovations
6. ^ Berthold Laufer, The Prehistory of Aviation Chicago Field Museum of Natural History, University of Michigan, 1928
7. ^ a b Today Šibenik, Croatia. Cfr. A collection of modern and contemporary voyages & travels, Oxford University, 1805
8. ^ a b c Abbe Albert Fortis, Travels Into Dalmatia, 1768
9. ^ Memoirs of the court of Augustus: continued, and completed, from the original papers of the late Sir Thomas Blackwell John Mills, University of Aberdeen, Printed for A. Millar, 1753
10. ^ Naklada Naprijed, The Croatian Adriatic Tourist Guide, pg. 208, Zagreb (1999), ISBN 953-178-097-8
11. ^ Cultural Link Kanada, Deutschland: Festschrift zum Dreissigjährigen Bestehen by Beate Henn-Memmesheimer & David Gethin John
12. ^ bishop of Csanád
13. ^ a b Original Machine Novae, Fausto VERANZIO - Malavasi Library, Milan - a complete and very detailed description of first and second edition of Veranzio's most famous work, "Machine Nove"
14. ^ Weiying Gu, Ku Wei-Ying,Missionary approaches and linguistics in mainland China and Taiwan, Leuven University Press, 2001 - ISBN 9058671615 - Page 184
15. ^ "The Invention of the Parachute", by Lynn White, Jr. in: Technology and Culture, Vol. 9, No. 3. (1968), pp. 462-467 (463)
16. ^ Jonathan Bousfield, The Rough Guide to Croatia, pg. 280, Rough Guides (2003), ISBN 1843530848
17. ^ Francis Trevelyan Miller, The world in the air: the story of flying in pictures, G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1930, pages 101-106
18. ^ He's in the paratroops now, Alfred Day Rathbone, R.M. McBride & Company, 1943, University of California.
19. ^ The book mentioning Veranzio parachute jump is John Wilkins's Mathematical Magic of the Wonders that may be Performed by Mechanical Geometry, Part I: Concerning Mechanical Powers Motion, and Part II, Deadloss or Mechanical Motions (London, 1648)
20. ^ a b Biblioteca italiana, o sia giornale di letteratura, scienze ed arti, Vol 53, New York Public Library, 1829 (Italian)
21. ^ Dictionaries in Early Modern Europe: Lexicography and the Making of Heritage by John P. Considine.
22. ^ Apud Nicolaum Morettum, 1595, Venice
23. ^ a b When Petrus Lodereckerus published in 1606 his Dictionarivm septem diversarvm lingvarvm, videlicet Latine, Italice, Dalmatice, Bohemicè, Polonicè, Germanicè, & Vngaricè, vna cum cuiuslibet linguæ registro siue repertorio vernaculo, Singulari studio & industria collectum a Petro Lodereckeroin (Prague), he included two more languages than Veranzio's pentadictionary: Czech and Polish, with the addition of indices in Latin for each language.
24. ^ Was Faust Vrančić the first Croatian lexicographer?", by Branko Franolić, Annali Istituto Orientale di Napoli, Volume 19, 1976, p.178-182
25. ^ Today Bratislava in Slovakia
26. ^ The pseudonym "Giusto Verace" is a sort of pun in Italian: means "just (righteous) and genuine (truthful)".
27. ^ F. A. Flowers, Portraits of Wittgenstein, Volume 2, page 133
28. ^ a b Roger H. Charlier and Charles W. Finkl,Ocean Energy: Tide and tidal power
29. ^ Bernard L. Gordon, Energy from the sea: marine resource readings, Book & Tackle - University of Virginia, 1977, ISBN 0910258074. - p. 119
30. ^ ISES Congress 2007 Nothing New Under the Sun or Every Little Bit Helps Tidal Power: Status & Perspectives R.H. Charlier, M.C.P. Chaineux, C.W. Finkl, A.C Thys, Vol. I–V, Springer
* Great machines Volume 69, Franz Engler, illustrated CIPIA, 1997 (University of Michigan) p. 4-14
* "Bridges and men", Joseph Gies, Doubleday, University of Michigan, 2009
* Aspects of Materials Handling Dr. K.C. Arora, Vikas V. Shinde - Firewall Media, 2007, ISBN 8131802515
* Instruments in art and science: on the architectonics of cultural boundaries Helmar Schramm, Ludger Schwarte, Jan Lazardzig - Literary Criticism, 2008
* Sugar and society in China: peasants, technology, and the world market S. Mazumdar - Harvard University Asia Center, Cambridge Mass. 1998, ISBN 067485408X,
* Engineering in history, Richard Shelton Kirby, Technology & Engineering, 1990
* Means and Methods Analysis of a Cast-In-Place Balanced Cantilever Segmental Bridge: Veranzio’s Machinae Novae Gunnar Lucko - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2000
* American building art: the nineteenth century, Carl W. Condit, OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS - page 163:
* The birth of modern science The making of Europe, P. Rossi, Wiley-Blackwell, 2001 ISBN 9780631227113
* Water architecture in the lands of Syria: the water-wheels
* The Italian Achievement: An A-Z Over 1000 'Firsts' Achieved by Italians in Almost Every Aspect of Life Over the Last 1000 Years A. Baron Renaissance, 2008 University of California ISBN 1898823553391
* History of Technology History of Technology, Graham Hollister-Short. A brief history of the technology through the centuries. The author is Honorary Lecteur of the Imperial College of London
* Charles Joseph Singer, A History of Technology, Charles Singer (British historian of science and medicine)
* Dizionario bibliografico degli uomini illustri della Dalmazia, Šime Ljubić (Italian)
* Archibald Montgomery Low, Parachutes in peace and war, Archibald Low (English consulting engineer, research physicist and inventor, called "the father of the radio guidance systems"), 1942
* Medieval religion and technology: collection of essays (1978), Lynn Townsend, professor of medieval history at Princeton, Stanford and UCLA.
* Anthropological series, (vol. 18), Field Museum of Natural History, Field Columbian Museum.
* Technology and culture, Society for the History of Technology, vol. 9, 1968
* Design paradigms: case histories of error and judgment in engineering Henry Petroski CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS, 1994 ISBN 9780521466493
* Technological concepts and mathematical models in the evolution of modern engineering systems: controlling, managing, organizing, Mario Lucertini, Ana Millán Gasc, F. Nicolò, Birkhäuser, 2004, ISBN 376436940X
* Histoire des sciences mathématiques en Italie: depuis la renaissance des lettres jusqu'à la fin du dix-septième siècle Ghent University, 1848 (French)
* Musei per la scienza - Science museums L.B.Peressut, Pub. Lybra imagine, (illustrated) 1998, ISBN 8882230333
* Fausto Veranzio - Innovatore (Italian)
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Portrait_of_Fausto_Veranzio - Portrait of Fausto Veranzio, (Faustus Verantius, Faustus Verancsics, Fausto Vrancic) (Šibenik (Sibenico) circa 1551 – Venice, January 17, 1617) Italiano: Scansione personale da libro ungherese del 1920
Antun Vrancic - late 16th century - Fausto's uncle Antun Vrančić - Author: Martin Rota Kolunic (Martinus Rota) c. 1540-1583
Fausto_Veranzio_homo_volans - "Machinae Novae" plate n. 38: Veranzio's parachute - from Machinae Novae, book published in Venice, 1595.- Author Fausto Veranzio
Pons_ferreus_by_Fausto_Veranzio - Drawing of suspension cable-stayed bridge by Fausto Veranzio in his Machinae Novae - Italiano: incisione del "pons ferreus". Progetto di ponte strallato si Fausto Veranzio English: picture of "pons ferreus". Suspended bridge. Design by Fausto Veranzio, Machinae Novae Venice, 1616
Fausto_Veranzio_Pentadictionarium - Frontespiece of the Dictionarium quinque lingarum - Fausto Veranzio's "Dictionarium quinque nobilissimarum Europæ linguarum, Latinæ, Italicæ, Germanicæ, Dalmatiæ, & Vulgaricæ", Apud Nicolaum Morettum, 1595, Venice
Wells_museum_in_sibenik_2 - Veranzio's parachute in Šibenik's Wells Museum - Wells museum in Šibenik, Faust Vrančić
Fausto_Veranzio.jpg
800px-Schiffstauerei_nach_Veranzio_um_1595
Faust Vrančić
PORTRAIT_OF_FAUSTO_VERANZIO - PORTRAIT OF FAUSTO VERANZIO, (FAUSTUS VERANTIUS, FAUSTUS VERANCSICS, FAUSTO VRANCIC) (ŠIBENIK (SIBENICO) CIRCA 1551 – VENICE, JANUARY 17, 1617) ITALIANO: SCANSIONE PERSONALE DA LIBRO UNGHERESE DEL 1920
ANTUN VRANCIC - LATE 16TH CENTURY - FAUSTO'S UNCLE ANTUN VRANČIĆ - AUTHOR: MARTIN ROTA KOLUNIC (MARTINUS ROTA) C. 1540-1583
FAUSTO_VERANZIO_HOMO_VOLANS - "MACHINAE NOVAE" PLATE N. 38: VERANZIO'S PARACHUTE - FROM MACHINAE NOVAE, BOOK PUBLISHED IN VENICE, 1595.- AUTHOR FAUSTO VERANZIO
PONS_FERREUS_BY_FAUSTO_VERANZIO - DRAWING OF SUSPENSION CABLE-STAYED BRIDGE BY FAUSTO VERANZIO IN HIS MACHINAE NOVAE - ITALIANO: INCISIONE DEL "PONS FERREUS". PROGETTO DI PONTE STRALLATO SI FAUSTO VERANZIO ENGLISH: PICTURE OF "PONS FERREUS". SUSPENDED BRIDGE. DESIGN BY FAUSTO VERANZIO, MACHINAE NOVAE VENICE, 1616
FAUSTO_VERANZIO_PENTADICTIONARIUM - FRONTESPIECE OF THE DICTIONARIUM QUINQUE LINGARUM - FAUSTO VERANZIO'S "DICTIONARIUM QUINQUE NOBILISSIMARUM EUROPÆ LINGUARUM, LATINÆ, ITALICÆ, GERMANICÆ, DALMATIÆ, & VULGARICÆ", APUD NICOLAUM MORETTUM, 1595, VENICE
WELLS_MUSEUM_IN_SIBENIK_2 - VERANZIO'S PARACHUTE IN ŠIBENIK'S WELLS MUSEUM - WELLS MUSEUM IN ŠIBENIK, FAUST VRANČIĆ
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